L (L.-P.X.); km-szj@163 (Z.-J.S.) State Important Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China These authors contributed equally to this function. Authors to whom correspondence need to be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62336903. Received: 18 September 2013; in revised form: 5 October 2013 / Accepted: 10 October 2013 / Published: 28 OctoberAbstract: In order to make greater use of H2 Receptor Agonist medchemexpress lignocellulosic biomass for the production of renewable fuels and CB2 Antagonist Compound chemical compounds, it is actually necessary to disrupt its recalcitrant structure by way of pretreatment. Particularly, organosolv pretreatment is usually a feasible technique. The key advantage of this technique compared to other lignocellulosic pretreatment technologies may be the extraction of high-quality lignin for the production of value-added items. Within this study, bamboo was treated inside a batch reactor with 70 ethanol at 180 ?for two h. Lignin C fractions have been isolated in the hydrolysate by centrifugation and then precipitated as ethanol organosolv lignin. Two kinds of milled wood lignins (MWLs) had been isolated in the raw bamboo along with the organosolv pretreated residue separately. Just after the pretreatment, a reduce of lignin (preferentially guaiacyl unit), hemicelluloses and less ordered cellulose was detected within the bamboo material. It was confirmed that the bamboo MWL is of HGS form (p-hydroxyphenyl (H), vanillin (G), syringaldehyde (S)) connected using a considerable amount of p-coumarate and ferulic esters of lignin. The ethanol organosolv treatment was shown to remove considerable amounts of lignin and hemicelluloses with no strongly affecting lignin major structure and its lignin functional groups.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14 Keywords and phrases: organosolv pretreatment; MWL; lignin; Py-GC/MS; HSQC NMR1. Introduction The power crisis and climate alter concerns caused by overuse of fossil fuels has led to a worldwide interest in sustainable biofuels [1]. Plant biomass, which can be renewable and obtainable in high amounts and comparatively low price, is definitely an perfect supply of sustainable energy and biobased products [2]. Most plant biomass is lignocellulosic and mostly consists of 3 biopolymers: cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, which with each other kind a complicated and rigid structure [3]. Lignin is actually a complicated aromatic heteropolymer that types a matrix with hemicelluloses and with each other they account for 18 ?0 on the total dry weight in the plant [4]. The heterogeneous and highly cross-linked macromolecule of lignin is constructed up of different inter-unit linkages, like -O-4, -, -5, -1, 5-5, 4-O-5, and so on. [5]. Moreover, lignin is linked by ether bonds among phenyl-propane units, which are not readily hydrolysable [6]. Among biomass feedstocks, Bamboo Dendrocalamus brandisii, belonging to Bambusoideae of Gramineae, has sturdy and abundant woody stems and is primarily distributed in southeast Asia which includes the southwest region of China [7]. Mainly because of its uncomplicated propagation, quick development, and high productivity, D. brandisii is regarded as one of the most potential non-wood forest feedstocks to replace wood resources. Several studies have been concerned using the lignin of bamboo material. Nonetheless, the isolation, purification, and high-value application of lignin is still a challenge so far. Deriving lignin in the bamboo utilizing organosolv fractionation processes may be a very good option to make use of the material as a fiber resource, if lignin and its derivatives can be obtained with added.