With the highfrequency transducer is high, it can acquire sharp directivity, which is helpful for sonar systems to determine the type and shape of underwater fine targets. In recent years, numerous new supplies happen to be made use of within the field of underwater acoustic highfrequency transducers, but piezoelectric ceramics are nevertheless the mainstream components. Piezoelectric transducers with piezoelectric ceramic because the functional material have larger reliability, impact resistance and longtime operating stability than versatile sensors. It truly is the mainstream device of underwater acoustic systems [2]. The thickness vibration mode is definitely the dominant working mode for highfrequency transducers. Simply because the resonance frequency with the thickness vibration mode is somewhat high, the coupling impact is popular in highfrequency transducers. For disc piezoelectric ceramics, it is tough to acquire a perfect thickness vibration mode. Altering piezoelectric sample sizes can weaken the coupling impact. On the other hand, the sample size was generally fixed. On the 1 hand, the coupling reverses the vibration displacement of the piezoelectric vibrator surface, Tilpisertib Biological Activity leading to decrease on the transmission efficiency on the transducer. Alternatively, the coupling causes a Ganciclovir-d5 Data Sheet number of indistinguishable resonance peaks to appear near the thickness vibration frequency. Furthermore, coupling tends to make the resonance frequency, impedance traits along with other vital parameters on the transducer much less constant. It tends to make the transducer hard to design and style to obtain high yield. Quite a few transducer authorities have had extensive discussions on highfrequency broadband transducers [6,7]. Onedimensional vibration theory was generally used to approximate the thickness vibration of best piezoelectric discs, while radial coupling should be thought of for finitesize piezoelectric discs [8]. As early as 1977, Mori et al. proposed thePublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is definitely an open access write-up distributed beneath the terms and circumstances of the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ four.0/).Actuators 2021, 10, 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/acthttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/actuatorsActuators 2021, ten,2 ofapparent elasticity strategy to take care of the coupling vibration of piezoelectric vibrators [9]. Lin Shuyu, et al. introduced the equivalent elastic coefficient in to the coupled vibration of piezoelectric disc plates and rings by an analytical process, and derived the equivalent circuit and resonance frequency equation of multimode coupled vibration of piezoelectric ceramic vibrators [10,11], Li Mingxuan et al. also analyzed the stress voltage traits on the highfrequency thickness mode transducer, and gave the characteristics of highfrequency oscillation under unique loads [12]. Apart from the theoretical calculation studies, the finite element simulation approach was also employed to investigate the coupling effect. Guo N., Kocbach J. and Lee P. applied the finite element system and numerical evaluation system to analyze the coupled vibration modes of piezoelectric oscillators, and calculated the secondorder theory of transversely coupled longitudinal vibration piezoelectric crystals [135]. D. Kybartas et al. applied the finite element approach to analyze the electromechanical coupling coefficient of each and every order vibrat.