Rent version of our system is designed to detect anomalies on a daily basis. We were able to detect a wide range of events, from official holidays and the signing of international treaties to emergency events such as floods, violence against civilians or riots. But it is also possible that some responses occur within hours of an event. For example, people might call more often in the hour immediately following an event, then call less often for the rest of the day while they are busy responding to the event. As such, we would find different patterns if we examine calling behavior on an hourly versus a daily basis. Finally, examination of spatial patterns of response is also important. For some events, we find anomalies in responsive behaviors across large spaces, and for others we find that the area around a small number of cellular towers was affected. The spatial range of behavioral response is a key component of the unique behavioral signature of particular emergency and non-emergency events, and must be included in future research towards developing event detection systems. In summary, an effective system of emergency event detection, whether it uses CDRs, Twitter, or any other crowd sourced data, will be a result of close attention to detecting the exact signatures of human behaviors after different kinds of events. Currently, we know little about these exact signatures. Our analysis in this article suggests that these signatures are multi-dimensional and complex. In this situation, future progress on emergency event detection will require social scientific attention (quantitative and qualitative, theoretical and empirical) to human behavioral responses to emergency events. Our anomalous behavior detection system takes a step towards improving understanding of human responses to events, but this research is only the beginning. The only way this important, but difficult, task can be properly understood is through close multidisciplinary collaborations which involve social-behavioral scientists, statisticians, physicists, geographers and computer scientists.MK-5172MedChemExpress MK-5172 Supporting EPZ-5676 chemical information InformationS1 Supporting Information. Supplementary text and figures. (PDF)AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Timothy Thomas and Matthew Dunbar for many useful discussions and for their help in processing GIS data. The authors are also grateful to Athena Pantazis and Joshua Rodd for recommending the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, and to Daniel Bjorkegren and Joshua Blumenstock for their help with the initial stages of processing of the call data records.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120449 March 25,17 /Spatiotemporal Detection of Unusual Human Population BehaviorAuthor ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: AD NW. Performed the experiments: AD. Analyzed the data: AD NW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NE. Wrote the paper: AD NW.
In the present work, we are interested in the basic building blocks of social interactions, namely dyadic relationships. Our contribution is to introduce a representation of dyadic relationships that realistically matches an existing theory of human social relationships, relational models theory (RMT) and can be used for theoretical purposes. Moreover, we discuss how to apply our model to computational modeling and analysis. Our model is based on the fundamental assumption that, in any dyadic interaction, each individual can do either the same thing as the other individual, a different thing, or.Rent version of our system is designed to detect anomalies on a daily basis. We were able to detect a wide range of events, from official holidays and the signing of international treaties to emergency events such as floods, violence against civilians or riots. But it is also possible that some responses occur within hours of an event. For example, people might call more often in the hour immediately following an event, then call less often for the rest of the day while they are busy responding to the event. As such, we would find different patterns if we examine calling behavior on an hourly versus a daily basis. Finally, examination of spatial patterns of response is also important. For some events, we find anomalies in responsive behaviors across large spaces, and for others we find that the area around a small number of cellular towers was affected. The spatial range of behavioral response is a key component of the unique behavioral signature of particular emergency and non-emergency events, and must be included in future research towards developing event detection systems. In summary, an effective system of emergency event detection, whether it uses CDRs, Twitter, or any other crowd sourced data, will be a result of close attention to detecting the exact signatures of human behaviors after different kinds of events. Currently, we know little about these exact signatures. Our analysis in this article suggests that these signatures are multi-dimensional and complex. In this situation, future progress on emergency event detection will require social scientific attention (quantitative and qualitative, theoretical and empirical) to human behavioral responses to emergency events. Our anomalous behavior detection system takes a step towards improving understanding of human responses to events, but this research is only the beginning. The only way this important, but difficult, task can be properly understood is through close multidisciplinary collaborations which involve social-behavioral scientists, statisticians, physicists, geographers and computer scientists.Supporting InformationS1 Supporting Information. Supplementary text and figures. (PDF)AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Timothy Thomas and Matthew Dunbar for many useful discussions and for their help in processing GIS data. The authors are also grateful to Athena Pantazis and Joshua Rodd for recommending the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project, and to Daniel Bjorkegren and Joshua Blumenstock for their help with the initial stages of processing of the call data records.PLOS ONE | DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0120449 March 25,17 /Spatiotemporal Detection of Unusual Human Population BehaviorAuthor ContributionsConceived and designed the experiments: AD NW. Performed the experiments: AD. Analyzed the data: AD NW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NE. Wrote the paper: AD NW.
In the present work, we are interested in the basic building blocks of social interactions, namely dyadic relationships. Our contribution is to introduce a representation of dyadic relationships that realistically matches an existing theory of human social relationships, relational models theory (RMT) and can be used for theoretical purposes. Moreover, we discuss how to apply our model to computational modeling and analysis. Our model is based on the fundamental assumption that, in any dyadic interaction, each individual can do either the same thing as the other individual, a different thing, or.