Ctions. There is no financial arrangement involving any of your authors. Authors’ contributions RR, BA contributed for the conception and design and style with the study; AM, RSR, EA and PS performed laboratory evaluation, AM, RSR and RR performed the statistical evaluation; AM, RSR and RR prepare the very first draft in the manuscript. BA, GHG, ZR, SMMK and PS revised the manuscript. All authors read and authorized the final version in the manuscript. Acknowledgement The study was supported by icddr,b, `the Swedish Agency for Analysis Cooperation with Developing Nations (Sida/SAREC Agreement support; grant 384, SWE-2008-065)’; `The Swedish Investigation Council, (grant 58X11217-14-3)’; `The Swedish Strategic Foundation (SSF)’; Swedish Cancer Society; `Karolinska Institutet’; `The Icelandic Centre for Study (RANNIS)’ and `University of Iceland analysis fund’. icddr,b acknowledges with gratitude the commitment of all donors’ to it’s analysis efforts. GHG can be a going to scientist supported by `The Wenner-Gren Foundations’. We thank the volunteers for participating in this study. Author details 1 International Centre for Diarrheal Illness Study, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 2Department of Healthcare Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden. 3National Institute from the Illnesses on the Chest and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. 4Institute of Biology, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland. Received: 23 October 2012 Accepted: 28 March 2013 Published: 16 April12.13.14.15.16. 17.18.19.20.21.22. References 1. Smith PE, Moss AR: Tuberculosis: pathogenesis, protection, and handle, epidemiology of tuberculosis. Epidemiol Tuberc 1994, 1:470. two. Parsons LM, Driscoll JR, Taber HW, Salfinger M: Drug resistance in tuberculosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997, 11(four):90528. three. Bradford WZ, Daley CL: Several drug-resistant tuberculosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1998, 12(1):15772.23.Gandhi NR, Shah NS, Andrews JR, Vella V, Moll AP, Scott M, Weissman D, Marra C, Lalloo UG, Friedland GH: HIV coinfection in multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis outcomes in higher early mortality. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010, 181(1):806. Wejse C, Gomes VF, Rabna P, Gustafson P, Aaby P, Lisse IM, Andersen PL, Glerup H, Sodemann M: Vitamin D as supplementary therapy for tuberculosis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009, 179(9):84350. Martins M: Targeting the human macrophage with combinations of drugs and inhibitors of Ca2+ and K + transport to boost the killing of intracellular multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) novel, patentable strategy to limit the emergence of XDR-TB. Current Pat Antiinfect Drug Discov 2011, 6(2):11017.Teriparatide Zasloff M: Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms.Anti-Mouse CD3 Antibody Nature 2002, 415(6870):38995.PMID:23522542 Zaiou M, Gallo RL: Cathelicidins, essential gene-encoded mammalian antibiotics. J Mol Med (Berl) 2002, 80(9):54961. Ganz T: Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2003, three(9):71020. Kai-Larsen Y, Agerberth B: The part from the multifunctional peptide LL-37 in host defense. Front Biosci 2008, 13:3760767. Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, Krutzik SR, Ochoa MT, Schauber J, Wu K, Meinken C, et al: Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science 2006, 311(5768):1770773. Liu PT, Stenger S, Tang DH, Modlin RL: Cutting edge: vitamin D-mediated human anti.