Urban and KMA-rural was discovered. The LPI in KMA-urban changed from 19.8 in 1996 to 35.five in 2016, whereas the LPI of KMA-rural reached 3.three in 2016 from 0.two in 1996. In terms of percentage, through the study period (1996016) over KMA, the LPI grew by about 85 , whereas in KMA-urban and KMA-rural it grew by 79.0 and 1561.1 , respectively. Therefore, the price of LPI growth in KMA-rural was a lot higher than that of KMAurban, which could be attributed towards the Tasisulam Activator phenomenon of urban FM4-64 web sprawl along the peripheryRemote Sens. 2021, 13,16 ofof KMA-urban. The land cover of mixed built-up revealed an anomalous trend in LPI involving KMA-urban and KMA-rural. In between 1996 and 2016, the LPI in KMA-urban grew negatively by -75.0 , when the LPI of mixed built-up grew by 203.eight in KMA-rural more than the exact same period (Figure 10). The unfavorable development with the LPI of mixed built-up cover explains the transformation of mixed built-up into built-up cover as a consequence of the processes of densification and infill of existing built-up patches in the mixed built-up category, whereas the existence of greater constructive growth inside the LPI of mixed built-up cover over KMA-rural signifies the current speedy and dispersed urban growth in addition to peri-urban places.Figure 10. Class level LPI and AREA_MN; (a ) show class level LPI for the LULCs more than KMA, KMA-urban, and KMA-rural, respectively, in 1996, 2006, and 2016; and (d ) reflects class level temporal trend in AREA_MN over KMA, KMA-urban, and KMA-rural, respectively, in 1996, 2006, and 2016.The AREA_MN of the built-up class was a lot bigger in KMA-urban as compared to KMA-rural. Figure 10 shows the results obtained by LPI and AREA_MN metrics. In KMA-urban, the AREA_MN in the built-up class improved from 9.8 m2 in 2006 to 12.four m2 in 2016, whereas in KMA-rural, the AREA_MN of the built-up class was 1.1 m2 in 2006 and 1.9 m2 in 2016. Surprisingly, during the study period, i.e., 1996016, the AREA_MN grew by 19.five in urban locations of KMA, although the exact same index in KMA-rural grew by 116.7 within the identical period indicating the phenomenon of speedy built-up development in KMA-rural. The result of AREA_MN of mixed built-up cover more than KMA-rural reveals that the mean size of mixed built-up patches grew slowly with time, altering to 1.52 m2 in 2016 from 1.4 m2 in 1996 using a development rate of eight.9 . Nevertheless, throughout the exact same period, the AREA_MN of mixed built-up over KMA-urban decreased from two.8 m2 in 1996 to 1.four m2 in 2016, characterized by a development rate of about -49.1 . This anomaly reflects the conversion of mixed built-up over KMA-urban and accumulation of new built-up more than KMA-rural. The shape complexity of built-up and mixed built-up categories was computed working with the Shape_MN and PAFRAC. As reflected in Figure 10, In KMA-urban, the shape complexity in the built-up class decreased from 1.27 in 1996 to 1.23 in 2016, signifying that the built-up category is becoming reasonably more compact with time. On the other hand, the index increased just a little from 1.22 in 1996 to 1.23 in 2006, followed by a reduce to 1.21 in 2016. Hence, the shape complexity of built-up development remains far more or significantly less uniform over both KMA-urban and KMA-rural. However, the Shape_MN in KMA-rural showed somewhat additional variability as when compared with KMA-urban. The outcomes of mixed built-up Shape_MN showed that more than the KMA, the index elevated from 1.27 (2006) to 1.29 (2016). Nonetheless, spatiotemporal dynamics within the Shape_MN were evident across KMA-urban andRemote Sens. 2021, 13,17 ofKMA-rural. Figure 11 reflects a.