N can be a bioactive substance discovered in turmeric and which has robust antioxidant attributes mostly connected to its free radical scavenger properties [205]. Muratoglu et al. [172] have investigated the effects of intraperitoneal administration of curcumin (6 and 30 mg/kg) over a period of 21 days in the testis of aged Wistar albino rats. They reported a common improvement of testicular histology Oxprenolol (hydrochloride) Cancer describing uniform seminiferous tubules with typical interstitial histology, increased germinal epithelium height, and a decreased number of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells in comparison with non-treated aged rats. Overall, these basic testicular improvements resulting from curcumin administration were not accompanied by valuable effects on plasma testosterone levels. Additionally, the observed improve in testicular antioxidant defenses, including GSH concentration, was not sufficient to reverse the lipid peroxidation located in aged testes [172]. The valuable effects of curcumin following the exposure to several toxic agents has been reviewed by Martins et al. [206], and are beyond the scope of this overview. FOXO4 (Forkhead box O4) is usually a transcription element that maintains senescent cell viability by targeting p53 towards the nucleus and stopping it from inducing apoptosis senescenceassociated genes, such as p53. FOXO4-DRI is often a peptide antagonist developed to block theCells 2021, ten,16 ofinteraction of FOXO4 and p53 [207], as a result causing p53 to become excluded in the nucleus and directed to mitochondria for induction of apoptosis, ultimately eliminating the senescent cells. Within a recent study of Zhang et al. [141] FOXO4-DRI remedy of naturally aged C57BL/6 mice alleviated testicular senescence phenotype by decreasing the expression levels of senescenceassociated proteins (p53, p21, p16, and TGF-) and inflammatory markers (IL-1 and IL-6) and by enhancing serum testosterone levels. This intervention could be of relevance for humans given that in human testes FOXO4 was especially expressed in Leydig cells [141]. Despite the fact that no important difference in FOXO4 protein levels was detected involving testes from young and old guys, a clear enhance in FOXO4 nuclear translocation was discovered in Leydig cells in old guys. These findings suggest the possible efficacy of FOXO4-DRI for the remedy in the age-associated male late onset hypogonadism [141]. three.five. Herbs and Nutraceuticals from Standard Oriental Medicine A growing variety of reports have demonstrated that some prescriptions of Regular Chinese Medicine could play distinct roles in anti-aging therapy. Chinese compound prescriptions are often composed of several types of herbs, every of which include numerous active constituents. Standard Chinese Medicine not just requires a number of bioactive elements with different pharmacological activities, but may well also produce other bioactive (or inactive) metabolites when delivered in vivo. Therefore, it truly is tough to establish irrespective of whether the anti-aging effect is because of the synergistic therapeutic efficacies or to a single mechanism. Some authors have employed Standard Chinese Medicine recipes whilst other folks have attempted to use single components. We will attempt to summarize these reports which have addressed probable anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and/or anti-apoptotic properties in naturally, chemically- or genetically-induced aged animals. Wuzi Yanzong recipe is actually a classical Classic Chinese Medicine prescription comprised of 5 components: Plantaginis semen, Rubi f.