Erica have not been collected on other continents. The numerous collections of H. samuelsii suggest that this species is prevalent in Central America. As a result far, H. virescens and C. heterosporum have been discovered only from Cuba but for C. cubitense records are added from Peru and Madagascar. In C. semicirculare, the genetic segregation amongst isolates from Central America and southeastern Asia suggests that morphological comparison coupled with analysing much more variable gene regions may possibly warrant the distinction of two species. The remaining species in the treated group haven’t been found within the Western Hemisphere. Hypomyces australasiaticus has been collected in Australia, Sri Lanka and Thailand, while C. paravirescens is known only from its type specimen in Thailand. For the rest in the species at least a few of the specimens originate from Africa. Nevertheless, the scattered web sites sampled on that continent give a mere hint on the wonderful diversity of Hypomyces inside the vast, unexplored areas. Namely, the couple of collections from Gabon, Republic of South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe belong to 5 new species that don’t seem as closest relatives to each other. A dozen specimens collected from close localities in southeastern Madagascar belong to three of those taxa. Whereas C. tchimbelense and H. gabonensis are described from Gabon, H. aconidialis was also identified in Madagascar. Cladobotryum indoafrum, typical in Madagascar but collected also in southern Africa and Sri Lanka, is presumed to represent a species with an African-Indian distribution pattern. Even wider distribution is documented for C. protrusum, extending from southern Africa and Madagascar to southeastern China and Taiwan. Regardless of the scarcity of information it is actually clear from the phylogeny from the red-pigmented Hypomyces that various distribution events have resulted in the geographic pattern of extant taxa. The species occurring in temperate North America, H. odoratus, H. rosellus and C. purpureum do not show affinities to the a number of species discovered in tropical America. However, the clade comprising C. asterophorum, C. protrusum and C. paravirescens suggests extensive dispersal events related to PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258973 speciation taking location along the tropical and temperate regions of eastern Asia. Disjunct distribution, described in saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizalSubstrataSpecies from the aurofusarin-group of HypomycesCladobotryum grow on fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes belonging to specific taxonomic groups. The documented hosts represent saprotrophic, wood-decaying homobasidiomycetes, which includes species with soft, annual, or tough, perennial basidiomata either with poroid or gilled hymenophores. The host species belong for the households Agaricaceae, Crepidotaceae, Pleurotaceae, Schizophyllaceae, and Tricholomataceae within the Agaricales or to the Coriolaceae, Cyphellaceae, Ganodermataceae, Lentinaceae, Polyporaceae, and Pterulaceae within the Polyporales. Only H. samuelsii has also been collected on members of Auriculariales and Hymenochaetales. Although in temperate regions numerous ectomycorrhizal (EcM) taxa are often recorded as hosts of red-pigmented Hypomyces Cladobotryum, these have never ever been observed to parasitise EcM fungi in the tropics. Such TPO agonist 1 web differences may be due to the scarcity and patchy distribution of ectomycorrhizal trees within the tropical forests. The red species have already been found also on bark, often in association with black ascomata. In such situations observation around the actual host remains obscure b.