ted by future studies. 212141-51-0 web expression of the BCL11A, IL17REL, and CCDC3 genes was markedly elevated at Stage IV. Although BCL11A is an essential regulator of normal lymphocyte development in mouse embryos and its expression is elevated in some lymphoma patients, the mechanism underlying this is unknown. The elevated expression of these genes suggests that they function in the tumorigenesis of U3-DT cells. In the future, we aim to 
clarify the functions of these genes in U3-DT cell tumorigenesis. The results obtained in this study suggest that the UE6E7T-3 cell line can be used as a culture model for neoplastic transformation associated with dynamic alterations in gene expression and karyotype. Thus, this model may be a useful tool for assessing the functional contribution of genes showed by expression profiling to neoplastic transformation. The cell lines generated in this study, each of which is characteristic of a particular stage in the transformation process, could have wider applications. U3-DT may prove useful for screening anticancer drugs, such as CtIP inhibitors, and U3-B might be PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19786614 useful for investigating the mechanisms of genetic aberration associated with neoplastic transformation or tumorigenesis. Furthermore, GPC5 might be a biomarker for sarcoma of human cells. 19 / 23 Alteration in Gene Expression on Transformation ~~ In late April 2009, the emergence of the pandemic H1N1/2009 virus in North America caused a pandemic, which attracted a great deal of attention from all over the world. Some 1 / 16 Carrageenan Specially Target HA of H1N1/2009 Virus 284,500 human deaths were caused by the virus in the first 12 months of circulation. Swine, the intermediate host and reservoir of influenza virus, play a critical role in the transmission, prevalence, and recombination of H1N1/2009 influenza viruses. In China, natural isolates of H1N1/2009 influenza viruses, which were more virulent than the early representative isolate were identified in swine. The naturally occurring mutations in PA gene are the critical cause of the increasing virulence of H1N1/2009 viruses. Although various vaccines and antiviral drugs are available to protect humans and cure them of influenza virus infection, other antiviral agents capable of addressing problems caused by rapidly emerging H1N1 isolates, which have high rate of resistance mutations, are urgently needed. Carrageenan, a high-molecular-weight sulfated polysaccharides derived from red algae, show different inhibitory effects on different PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19785045 viruses, including dengue virus, herpes simplex virus , human rhinovirus , human papillomavirus , human immunodeficiency virus , hepatitis A virus , enterovirus, and IAV. Three forms of carrageenan have been identified: kappa, iota, and lambda. These differ in degree of sulfation, solubility, and gelling properties. Carrageenan was found to inhibit the replication of HPV, rhinovirus, and dengue virus by interfering with viral adsorption and internalization into host cells. However, C.A. Pujol et al reported that carrageenan could also inhibit some steps of HSV life cycle in host cells instead of adsorption and internalization. Carrageenan has also shown virucidal activity on some enveloped viruses such as HSV-2. Recently, Wang et al. demonstrated that 2 kDa -carrageenan oligosaccharide can inhibit influenza H1N1 viral multiplication by inactivating viral particles, repressing transcription and protein expression without affecting adsorption. However, Leibbrandt et al.